Researcher FAQs

Research Program different from other longitudinal cohort studies?
Unlike many research studies that focus on a specific disease or population, the All of Us Research Program will provide a national research resource to inform thousands of research questions, covering a wide variety of health conditions. A diverse cohort of 1 million or more participants will contribute data from electronic health records (EHRs), biospecimens, surveys, and other measures to build a comprehensive set of biological, environmental, and behavioral data. The data platform will be open to researchers all over the world.
All of Us aims to engage a cohort of 1 million or more participants that reflects the rich diversity of America, including populations that have historically been underrepresented in biomedical research. The depth and breadth of data captured from this large, diverse cohort will enable research on a range of health topics and conditions. The cohort is large and growing, with participants from all 50 states. Of our participants who have completed all of the steps of the initial protocol, more than 75% are from underrepresented populations, including 50% from racial and ethnic minority groups. The program is currently enrolling pregnant women and women who become pregnant during the study.
Ancestry: Race: People who select a single race other than White (e.g., Asian), or who select more than one race Ethnicity: People who select an ethnicity other than those listed under the race of White (e.g., Japanese) Age: Young people under 18 years old and older adults 65 and above Sexual and gender minorities: Sex assigned at birth: People who self-report intersex as their sex at birth Sexual orientation: People who select any sexual orientation choice other than straight (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer, asexual, etc.) Gender identity: People who select any gender identity choice other than man or woman (e.g., non-binary, transgender, genderfluid, questioning, etc.) Income: People with an annual household income of less than $25,000 Educational attainment: People without a high school diploma or GED Access to care: People who currently need a medical visit, or have needed one in the past 12 months, but cannot readily use the health care system or pay for needed care Geography: Residents of established rural and non-metropolitan zip codes, based on the HRSA Federal Office of Rural Health Policy data files Disability: People with a physical, functional, cognitive, or other condition that substantially limits one or more life activities
No. The All of Us participant community will reflect the diversity of the United States, but cannot be described as a representative sample. Participants are not recruited via probability sampling; the research program is open to all.
How are participants recruited, and what does participation entail?
All of Us participants are able to share different kinds of information by completing surveys, providing access to their electronic health records (EHRs), and syncing Fitbit devices within the All of Us participant portal. Some participants are invited to visit partner sites to have physical measurements and blood and urine samples taken. The program will stay in touch with participants over time about new opportunities to share data through additional surveys, new research studies, and new electronic tools, including apps.
Within the Cloud-based environment of the Researcher Workbench, registered researchers use R and Python to link and analyze a variety of data types — surveys, physical measurements, EHRs, wearables, genomics — to conduct a wide range of studies.
The All of Us Research Program employs Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model Version 5 infrastructure to ensure feasibility and standardization across electronic health record (EHR) data for researchers. The All of Us data set is comprised of EHR data from 14 OMOP tables, including Person, Visit Occurrence, Condition Occurrence, Drug Exposure, Measurement, Procedure Occurrence, Observation, Location, Provider, Device Exposure, Death, Care Site, Fact Relationship, and Specimen.
The breadth of data types collected continues to expand. In the near future, All of Us will begin analyzing biological and genomic assays on participants’ biospecimens. Upcoming surveys may address physical activity, diet, medications, environmental exposures, and more. Participants will also be able to contribute data from additional fitness trackers, mobile apps, and other digital health technology.

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Through ethnographic studies, one finding is that, among the personnel, each class has a different degree of entitlement, which varies.

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Social hierarchy is also related to attitudes towards technologies. This was inferred based on the attitude of various jobs towards their lab badge.

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Another finding is the resistance to change in a social organization. Staff members feel ill at ease when changing patterns of entitlement.

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